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Proboscidea louisianica
''Proboscidea louisianica'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Martyniaceae. Its true native range is unclear, but probably includes parts of the southwestern United States and Mexico in North America.〔(''Proboscidea louisianica''. ) NatureServe. 2012.〕 It occurs in other areas, including other regions in North America,〔 Europe, Australia, and South Africa, as an introduced species.〔(''Proboscidea louisianica''. ) Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).〕 It is the most widely distributed species in its family.〔Riffle, M. S., et al. (1991). Composition of essential oil from ''Proboscidea louisianica'' (Martyniaceae). ''Proc. Okla. Acad. Sci'' 71, 35-42.〕 Common names it shares with other ''Proboscidea'' species include devil's claw and unicorn-plant.〔(''Proboscidea louisianica''. ) Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).〕 Names more specific to the species include common devil's claw, ram's horn, aphid trap,〔 Louisiana unicorn-plant,〔 purple-flower devil's claw, goat's head, and elephant tusks.〔
==Description==
The plant is an annual herb with spreading stems up to about 80 centimeters long. The oppositely arranged leaves have blades up to 30 centimeters wide. The herbage is coated in glandular hairs carrying tiny oil droplets, making the plant feel oily to the touch and giving it a strong scent. The essential oil vaporizes into the air, and gives the landscape a "distinct acrid odor".〔 The lobed flower corolla is lavender,〔Stephens, J. M. (Martynia — ''Proboscidea louisianica'' (Mill.) Thell. ) HS624. Florida Cooperative Extension Service, University of Florida IFAS. Published 1994, revised 2009.〕 "purple-cream",〔(''Proboscidea louisianica'' (Mill.) Thell. ) FloraBase. Western Australian Herbarium.〕 yellowish with purple spots,〔(''Proboscidea louisianica''. ) Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. University of Texas, Austin.〕 or "dull white to somewhat pinkish purple" with yellowish nectar guides and with or without purple blotches.〔Nabhan, G., et al. (1981). (Devil's claw domestication: evidence from southwestern Indian fields. ) ''Journal of Ethnobiology'' 1(1), 35-164.〕 One plant can produce up to 80 fruits.〔 The fruit is a dehiscent capsule up to 10 centimeters long with a long, narrow, curving beak. As the fruit dries and the flesh falls away, the hard beak splits into two horns.〔 The horns can be up to 30 centimeters long.〔 The fruit can contain black or white seeds; white-seeded plants are more common in cultivation.〔 The seeds can be over 43% oil.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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